| Common negative thinking patterns can be grouped into four main categories. |
| Catastrophizing: This is when we expect the worst to happen. For example, if you make a small mistake at work, you might start thinking that you’ll get fired, even when there’s no real evidence for it. |
| Overgeneralization: This occurs when we take one negative event and believe that it’s going to keep happening. If you have a bad date, you might think, “I’ll never find someone who likes me,” which is unlikely. |
| Personalization: This is when you believe that everything others do or say is some kind of reaction to you. For instance, if a friend is short with you, you might think it’s because they’re mad at you, when they could just be having a bad day. |
| All-or-nothing thinking: In this pattern, things are either perfect or terrible, with no middle ground. For example, if you don’t meet all your goals, you might think you’re a complete failure, which is not a fair or realistic way to judge yourself. |
| How to reframe negative thoughts |
| 1. Notice your negative thought |
| Recognize when a negative thought enters your head. It might concern someone else, yourself, or even a circumstance. The first step to altering these thoughts is acknowledging them. |
| Use an app on your phone or keep a little notebook for notes. Note down any bad idea that occurs to you. This exercise facilitates the identification of negative thought patterns and triggers. |
| 2. Take a break and reflect |
| Breathe deeply and count to five whenever you catch yourself thinking something bad. This little diversion can help you reframe the idea and prevent it from spiraling out of control. |
| 3. Question the thought’s accuracy |
| After jotting down the unfavorable thinking, question it by posing queries such as “Is this thought really true?” or “Do I have proof to back up this idea?” You’ll frequently discover that your pessimistic ideas are more grounded in emotions than in reality. |
| 4. Seek alternative explanations |
| Examine alternative perspectives on the matter. Is there a more positive or neutral perspective you could take? For example, if you’re thinking, “I never do anything right,” you might reframe it to, “I make mistakes sometimes, but I also have many successes.” |
| 5. Replace with a positive thought |
| For each negative thought you identify, try to think of a positive or more realistic counterpart. This calls for a more nuanced perspective on the issue rather than dismissing it entirely. When a buddy doesn’t respond to your text and you assume that “I must have offended them,” think of alternate scenarios. For example, “They might be busy or didn’t see my message.” |
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